Article 1 to Article 15 of the Indian Constitution

Article 1 - Name and territory of the Union: It declares India as a Union of States and specifies the territories of the States and Union Territories.

Article 2 - Admission or establishment of new States: It empowers Parliament to admit new States into the Union or establish new States on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.

Article 3 - Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States: It empowers Parliament to form new States or alter the boundaries or names of existing States by law.

Article 4 - Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters: It states that any law made under Article 2 or Article 3 shall not be deemed as an amendment of the Constitution for the purposes of Article 368.

Article 5 - Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution: It defines who are citizens of India at the time when the Constitution came into force.

Article 6 - Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan: It grants citizenship rights to those who migrated to India from Pakistan before July 19, 1948, or after that date but got registered with a competent authority.

Article 7 - Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan: It deprives citizenship rights from those who migrated to Pakistan after March 1,1947 but later returned to India with a valid permit for resettlement or permanent return.

Article 8 - Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India: It grants citizenship rights to those persons (and their descendants) who were born in India or either of whose parents was born in India but were residing outside India at the time when Constitution came into force.

Article 9 - Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens: It states that no person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of Article 5 or be deemed to be a citizen of India by virtue of Article 6 or Article 8, if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of any foreign State.

Article 10 - Continuance of rights of citizenship: It states that every person who is or is deemed to be a citizen of India under any of the foregoing provisions of this Part shall continue to be such citizen subject to the provisions of any law that may be made by Parliament.

Article 11 - Parliament to regulate right of citizenship by law: It empowers Parliament to make any provision with respect to acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship.

Article 12 - Definition: It defines “the State” for purposes of Part III (Fundamental Rights) as including (a) Government and Parliament of India

(b) Government and Legislature of each State

(d) other authorities within territory of India or under control of Government of India.

Article13 - Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of fundamental rights: It declares that any law made before or after commencement of Constitution which is inconsistent with fundamental rights shall be void; it also prohibits State from making any law which takes away or abridges fundamental rights; it also provides for judicial review by courts against violation or infringement by State action on fundamental rights.

Article 14 - Equality before law: It guarantees equality before law and equal protection by laws within territory of India. It prohibits the State from discriminating between the citizens of India on any grounds except for reasonable classification based on intelligible differentia and rational relation with the objective of the law.

Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. It forbids discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. It applies Article 14’s general principle of equality in specific situations by forbidding classifications made on protected grounds.

It also empowers the State to make special provisions for women and children, socially and educationally backward classes (including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes), and advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes or Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes.